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  • Effects of low-level laser therapy on pain in patients with musculoskeletal disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis

    By Clijsen et al.

    • 2017

    • Journal: European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine

    Abstract: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated low-level laser therapy for musculoskeletal pain and concluded that LLLT is an effective modality to reduce pain in adult patients with musculoskeletal disorders.

    One Sentence Outcome:

    Study Parameters: Systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating LLLT for pain in patients with musculoskeletal disorders.

    Device Parameters: Low-level laser therapy protocols varied across included musculoskeletal pain trials.

    Evidence Level: High

    Study Type: Systematic review and meta-analysis

    Outcome Direction: Positive

  • The impact of wavelengths of LED light-therapy on endothelial cells

    By Rohringer S; Holnthoner W; Chaudary S; Slezak P; Priglinger E; Strassl M; Pill K; Mühleder S; Redl H; Dungel P

    • 2017

    • Journal: Scientific Reports

    Abstract: This in vitro study tested the effects of different LED wavelengths on human endothelial cells. Red and green pulsed LED light significantly increased endothelial-cell proliferation and 3D migration, with green light showing strong effects on migration and proliferation in several assays.

    One Sentence Outcome:

    Study Parameters: Human endothelial cells were exposed to different LED wavelengths and assessed for proliferation, 2D/3D migration, tube formation/angiogenic behavior, and nitric oxide formation.

    Device Parameters: Pulsed LED wavelengths compared: blue 475/476 nm, green 516 nm, and red 635 nm; reported irradiance about 40 mW/cm² and dose about 24 J/cm².

    Evidence Level: Cell study / mechanistic evidence

    Study Type: In vitro

    Outcome Direction: Positive / wavelength-dependent LED outcome

  • A randomized blind placebo-controlled trial investigating the effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on canine elbow osteoarthritis.

    By Looney et al. Can Vet J. 2018.

    • 2018

    • Journal: Can Vet J

    Abstract: This blinded placebo-controlled trial studied 20 dogs with naturally occurring elbow osteoarthritis randomized to PBMT or sham light therapy for 6 weeks; the authors evaluated pain, NSAID requirement, and lameness.

    One Sentence Outcome: PBMT reduced NSAID use, improved lameness, and improved multiple pain parameters compared with sham treatment.

    Study Parameters: 20 dogs with naturally occurring elbow OA; PBMT vs sham; both elbows treated for 6 weeks; pain, lameness, and NSAID requirements evaluated.

    Device Parameters: Fluence: 10–20 J/cm²

    Evidence Level: Level 1b (veterinary RCT)

    Study Type: Randomized blinded placebo-controlled veterinary trial

    Outcome Direction: Positive

  • Low-level laser therapy reduces time to ambulation in dogs after hemilaminectomy: a preliminary study

    By Draper et al.

    • 2012

    • Journal: Journal of Small Animal Practice

    Abstract: In this preliminary prospective study, 36 dogs with acute disc herniation underwent surgery and were assigned alternately to postoperative laser treatment or surgery alone. Dogs receiving laser treatment reached the study’s walking threshold sooner: a median of 3.5 days versus 14 days. The small study was not randomly allocated.

    One Sentence Outcome: Dogs receiving postoperative laser treatment reached the study’s walking threshold sooner than controls in a small, nonrandomized study, with median times of 3.5 versus 14 days.

    Study Parameters: Post-hemilaminectomy dogs were compared for time to ambulation after receiving LLLT versus control care.

    Device Parameters: 810 nm cluster array with five 200 mW emitters; daily postoperative treatment for up to five days.

    Evidence Level: Level 2b (controlled veterinary clinical study)

    Study Type: Controlled clinical study

    Outcome Direction: Positive

  • Effects of low-level laser therapy on impaired mobility in dogs with naturally occurring osteoarthritis

    By Barale et al. Vet Med Sci. 2023.

    • 2023

    • Journal: Vet Med Sci

    Abstract: This study asked whether low-level laser therapy could increase physical activity in dogs with osteoarthritis. Twenty-three dogs wore accelerometers and received six weekly treatments while pain and owner-reported mobility scores were tracked.

    One Sentence Outcome: Daily activity and step counts rose significantly from baseline and remained elevated through week 6, suggesting better mobility and quality of life.

    Study Parameters: 23 dogs with osteoarthritis; six consecutive weekly laser treatments; accelerometry plus CBPI and LOAD owner-reported outcomes.

    Device Parameters: Not clearly reported in the source database

    Evidence Level: Level 2b (prospective cohort, uncontrolled)

    Study Type: Prospective veterinary clinical study

    Outcome Direction: Positive

  • A randomized blind placebo-controlled trial investigating the effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on canine elbow osteoarthritis

    By Looney et al.

    • 2018

    • Journal: Canadian Veterinary Journal

    Abstract: Twenty dogs with elbow osteoarthritis were randomly assigned to six weeks of photobiomodulation or sham treatment. The treated group had greater improvements in lameness and pain scores. NSAID doses were reduced in 9 of 11 treated dogs and none of the 9 controls.

    One Sentence Outcome: Six weeks of photobiomodulation improved pain and lameness scores and reduced NSAID requirements compared with sham treatment in 20 dogs with elbow osteoarthritis.

    Study Parameters: Both elbows treated for 6 weeks; lameness score, pain score, and NSAID dose recorded before and 7-10 days after the last treatment.

    Device Parameters: PBMT at 10-20 J/cm² per elbow joint; sham group received 0 J/cm². Exact wavelength was not stated in the PubMed abstract.

    Evidence Level: Level 1b (veterinary randomized controlled trial)

    Study Type: RCT

    Outcome Direction: Positive

  • Preoperative low level laser therapy in dogs undergoing tibial plateau levelling osteotomy: A blinded, prospective, randomized clinical trial

    By Rogatko et al.

    • 2017

    • Journal: Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology

    Abstract: Twenty-seven dogs undergoing TPLO received a single preoperative laser treatment or sham treatment. At eight weeks, the laser group had significantly greater peak vertical force, a measure of weight bearing. Other measured outcomes did not differ significantly.

    One Sentence Outcome: A single preoperative laser treatment was associated with better peak vertical force at eight weeks after TPLO, with no significant differences in other measured outcomes.

    Study Parameters: Single preoperative treatment before TPLO; outcomes assessed pre-op, 24 h, 2 weeks, and 8 weeks post-op.

    Device Parameters: Dual-wavelength LLLT at 800-900 nm, 6 W, 3.5 J/cm² over a 100 cm² area.

    Evidence Level: Level 1b (veterinary randomized controlled trial)

    Study Type: RCT

    Outcome Direction: Mixed / supportive functional signal

  • Influence of class IV laser therapy on the outcomes of tibial plateau leveling osteotomy in dogs

    By Renwick et al.

    • 2018

    • Journal: Veterinary Surgery

    Abstract: In a blinded randomized trial, 95 dogs undergoing TPLO received perioperative laser or placebo treatment. The laser group improved more on the owner-assessed gait section of the adjusted Canine Orthopedic Index, but other questionnaire scores and bone healing did not improve.

    One Sentence Outcome: Perioperative laser treatment improved an owner-assessed gait score after TPLO, but did not improve other questionnaire scores or bone healing.

    Study Parameters: Three perioperative treatments within 4 days; a fourth treatment was recommended and accepted in some dogs.

    Device Parameters: Class IV laser administered simultaneously at 660 nm red (100 mW) and 800, 905, and 970 nm infrared (maximum 15 W continuous wave, 20 W peak pulsed wave).

    Evidence Level: Level 1b (veterinary randomized controlled trial)

    Study Type: RCT

    Outcome Direction: Mixed / gait improvement

  • Effects of low-level laser therapy on bone healing and signs of pain in dogs following tibial plateau leveling osteotomy

    By Kennedy et al.

    • 2018

    • Journal: American Journal of Veterinary Research

    Abstract: Twelve dogs undergoing TPLO were randomly assigned to low-level laser therapy or a red-light control. The tested laser protocol did not improve pain or hind-limb function; controls had better weight-bearing results at weeks 2 and 4 and lower owner-rated pain during weeks 1–5.

    One Sentence Outcome: The tested laser protocol did not improve pain or hind-limb function after TPLO compared with a red-light control.

    Study Parameters: Dogs were treated immediately before TPLO and at predetermined times for 8 weeks after surgery, with follow-up at 2, 4, and 8 weeks.

    Device Parameters: LLLT; radiant exposure 1.5-2.25 J/cm² in the treatment group; control received red-light treatment. Exact therapeutic wavelength was not reported in the PubMed abstract.

    Evidence Level: Level 1b (veterinary randomized controlled trial)

    Study Type: RCT

    Outcome Direction: Null/negative compared with LED control

  • Preliminary evaluation of the effects of photobiomodulation therapy and physical rehabilitation on early postoperative recovery of dogs undergoing hemilaminectomy for treatment of thoracolumbar intervertebral disk disease

    By Bennaim et al.

    • 2017

    • Journal: American Journal of Veterinary Research

    Abstract: Thirty-two nonambulatory dogs received standard care after hemilaminectomy, plus photobiomodulation, rehabilitation with sham light treatment, or sham light treatment alone. Time to recovery milestones and duration of intravenous opioid treatment did not differ significantly between groups.

    One Sentence Outcome: After hemilaminectomy, photobiomodulation and rehabilitation did not significantly improve early recovery milestones or shorten intravenous opioid treatment compared with sham treatment.

    Study Parameters: 32 nonambulatory dogs after hemilaminectomy assigned to PBMT, rehabilitation with sham PBMT, or sham PBMT only.

    Device Parameters: Not reported in the abstract

    Evidence Level: Level 2b (controlled veterinary clinical study)

    Study Type: Controlled clinical study

    Outcome Direction: Null/negative

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