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  • Clinical Study Using Laser Therapy (Photobiomodulation) to Treat Chronic Kidney Disease

    By Hirschberg RE

    • 2024

    • Journal: PBMDVM clinical study update

    Abstract: Interim report describing veterinary PBM use for canine/feline CKD, including appetite/activity reports and renal biochemistry monitoring.

    One Sentence Outcome:Interim veterinary CKD report supporting appetite, activity, and renal-parameter claims on the CKD page.

    Study Parameters:Reports 29 enrolled patients, 23 active after exclusions, and owner-reported appetite/activity changes.

    Device Parameters: At-home red light therapy / PBM

    Evidence Level:Clinical report / ongoing study

    Study Type: Veterinary clinical study interim report

    Outcome Direction: Early/interim data suggests owner-reported appetite/activity improvement and stable or improved renal parameters in some patients.

  • Diagnosis, surgery, and outcome of tethered cord syndrome in dogs

    By Lampe et al.

    • 2026

    • Journal: Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

    Abstract: Retrospective study of 12 dogs with TCS: all had lumbar pain and transient paresthesias, dynamic imaging showed minimal dural sac/conus movement, surgery transected tethering structures, and all dogs improved on short- and long-term follow-up.

    One Sentence Outcome:In 12 dogs with TCS, dynamic imaging plus surgical detethering was associated with improvement at short- and long-term follow-up.

    Study Parameters:12 client-owned dogs with TCS surgery and follow-up; dynamic MRI/CT used to assess dural sac and conus medullaris movement

    Device Parameters:

    Evidence Level:Level 4 veterinary retrospective case series

    Study Type: Dog retrospective case series (n = 12)

    Outcome Direction: Positive / supportive

  • Occult tethered cord syndrome: insights into clinical and MRI features, prognostic factors, and treatment outcomes in 30 dogs with confirmed or presumptive diagnosis

    By Espinosa Romero et al.

    • 2025

    • Journal: Frontiers in Veterinary Science

    Abstract: Multicenter retrospective study of 30 dogs with OTCS. Pain/dysesthesia was reported in 97%, gait abnormalities in 70%, and surgery was significantly associated with full recovery and discontinuation of medical treatment at follow-up.

    One Sentence Outcome:In 30 dogs with OTCS, surgical detethering was associated with full recovery and discontinuation of medical treatment more often than medical management alone.

    Study Parameters:30 dogs with confirmed or presumptive OTCS; surgical (n=11) and medical (n=19) management compared with clinical/MRI prognostic factors

    Device Parameters:

    Evidence Level:Level 4 multicenter veterinary retrospective study

    Study Type: Dog multicenter retrospective study (n = 30)

    Outcome Direction: Positive / supportive

  • Breakthrough Surgical Procedure Relieves Dogs from Chronic Pain

    By Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine / Elizabeth Parsley

    • 2023

    • Journal: Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine News

    Abstract: Tufts describes canine tethered cord syndrome cases in which dogs had chronic pain, dynamic MRI-based evaluation, surgical transection of the filum terminale, and marked postoperative improvement.

    One Sentence Outcome:Tufts reports canine TCS cases where dynamic MRI and surgical detethering were used to relieve chronic pain and improve mobility.

    Study Parameters:Canine TCS diagnosis and intradural surgical detethering described in clinical cases

    Device Parameters:

    Evidence Level:Expert veterinary clinical article

    Study Type: Veterinary case report / institutional article

    Outcome Direction: Positive / supportive

  • Congenital and Inherited Spinal Cord Disorders in Dogs and Cats

    By Parsley; Carney

    • 2026

    • Journal: Merck Veterinary Manual

    Abstract: Merck Veterinary Manual notes that canine tethered cord syndrome is underrecognized, diagnosed by dynamic MRI, associated with low back pain, gait abnormalities, anxiety and urinary signs, and treated by detethering the spinal cord.

    One Sentence Outcome:Merck summarizes canine TCS signs, dynamic MRI diagnosis, and surgical detethering as a treatment approach.

    Study Parameters:Professional veterinary reference covering congenital/inherited spinal cord disorders and TCS in dogs

    Device Parameters:

    Evidence Level:Peer-reviewed veterinary clinical reference

    Study Type: Veterinary reference

    Outcome Direction: Clinical guidance

  • Effect of the topical Klox fluorescence biomodulation system on the healing of canine surgical wounds

    By Salvaggio et al.

    • 2020

    • Journal: Vet Surg

    Abstract: “Half of the length of each surgical wound was treated with Phovia, and the remaining 50% was treated with saline solution on the first day after surgery and every 3 days until day 13.” “Phovia therapy improved re-epithelialization, decreased dermal inflammation, and improved matrix formation in uncomplicated cutaneous incisional wounds by regulating the expression of key biological mediators.”

    One Sentence Outcome:”Half of the length of each surgical wound was treated with Phovia, and the remaining 50% was treated with saline solution on the first day after surgery and every 3 days until day 13.”

    Study Parameters:Fluorescence PBM

    Device Parameters:

    Evidence Level:Controlled veterinary clinical study

    Study Type: Dog (n = 10)

    Outcome Direction: Positive

  • Effects of low-level laser therapy on the healing of surgically closed incisions and surgically created open wounds in dogs.

    By Gammel et al.

    • 2018

    • Journal: Vet Surg

    Abstract: “LLLT did not appear to influence the healing of surgically created incisions and small wounds with the methodology reported here.”

    One Sentence Outcome:”LLLT did not appear to influence the healing of surgically created incisions and small wounds with the methodology reported here.”

    Study Parameters:Punch excision wound

    Device Parameters: wavelength: 980; radiant exposure: 5; sessions: 5

    Evidence Level:Controlled veterinary clinical study

    Study Type: Dog

    Outcome Direction: Null/negative

  • Bedinvetmab, alone or in combination with photobiomodulation and pulsed electromagnetic field therapy, on pain and quality of life in dogs with hip osteoarthritis

    By Cidral

    • 2026

    • Journal: Vet Res Commun

    Abstract: “These findings provide preliminary evidence that the combination of bedinvetmab and physiotherapy enhances pain control and promotes better quality of life in dogs with OA.”

    One Sentence Outcome:In dogs with hip osteoarthritis, bedinvetmab combined with PBM/PEMF and physiotherapy was associated with improved pain control and quality of life.

    Study Parameters:Dog (n = 30)

    Device Parameters: Wavelength: 808.0 nm; Power: 1000.0 mW; PBM+PEMF

    Evidence Level:Level 2b (small veterinary clinical study)

    Study Type: Veterinary clinical study

    Outcome Direction: Positive / supportive

  • Transcutaneous transmission of photobiomodulation light to the spinal canal of dog as measured from cadaver dogs using a multi-channel intra-spinal probe.

    By Piao et al.

    • 2019

    • Journal: Lasers Med Sci

    Abstract: Cadaver dog study measuring transcutaneous delivery of PBM light to the spinal canal using an intra-spinal probe, supporting feasibility and dose-delivery considerations for spinal targets.

    One Sentence Outcome:Transcutaneous PBM light reached the spinal canal in dog cadavers, supporting the plausibility of spinal light delivery.

    Study Parameters:Six cadaver dogs; multi-channel intra-spinal probe measured target-level light transmission to spinal canal

    Device Parameters: wavelength: 980 nm

    Evidence Level:Experimental veterinary cadaver study

    Study Type: Dog cadaver

    Outcome Direction: Supportive / dosimetry

  • Randomized, controlled trial of the efficacy of carprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, in the treatment of osteoarthritis in dogs

    By Vasseur et al.

    • 1995

    • Journal: Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association

    Abstract: Seventy dogs were included in a randomized controlled multicenter trial of carprofen for clinical signs associated with osteoarthritis. Dogs receiving carprofen were more likely to have positive force plate, veterinarian, and owner-assessed responses than placebo.

    One Sentence Outcome:This RCT provides a benchmark for NSAID-based arthritis pain relief in dogs, with positive owner, veterinarian, and force-plate outcomes.

    Study Parameters:Seventy dogs were enrolled in a randomized controlled multicenter trial of carprofen versus placebo for 2 weeks, with force plate, veterinarian, and owner evaluations.

    Device Parameters: Not applicable; pharmacologic NSAID comparator study.

    Evidence Level:High

    Study Type: Randomized controlled trial

    Outcome Direction: Positive

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